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RelayCase studiesCursor DuneSlide

Cursor DuneSlide

When: Public detail Jul 1, 2026 (CVE-2026-50548, CVE-2026-50549, CVSS 9.8); fix in Cursor 3.0
Surface: Cursor · MCP / web-search ingested content → sandbox escape → OS-level RCE
Class: Prompt injection + path/trust bugs in the agent sandbox

Cato Networks (and The Hacker News / SecurityWeek) described a chain where injected instructions from an MCP server or search result could overwrite sandbox enforcement via working-directory trust and a fail-open symlink check—reaching host RCE with no deliberate user click. See awesome-ai-agent-attacks  (DuneSlide entry) and related “Week of Sandbox Escapes” research on Cursor/Codex/Gemini CLI.

Without Relay

  • Untrusted content entered the agent context and drove file writes and shell outside what the engineer intended.
  • Org policy lived in “don’t open weird repos,” not on each PreToolUse / beforeShell / beforeReadFile decision.
  • After compromise, laptop forensics replaced a clean tool-decision trail.

How Relay could have safeguarded

Relay cannot patch a vendor sandbox CVE by itself—but it narrows what injected instructions are allowed to request while you upgrade:

LayerWhat to configureEffect on this path
Prompt controlDeny / Soft ask on jailbreak, “ignore system,” secret-exfil phrasing; redact secret markersInjected payloads are harder to keep in context
Path controlDeny writes outside the workspace; deny sensitive binaries / ~/.ssh; Soft ask on unexpected absolute pathsOverwriting sandbox/enforcer paths is blocked at the hook
Bash controlDeny curl | sh, download-and-exec, chmod 777, suspicious rewrite of agent binariesPost-injection shell payloads fail closed
MCP controlAllowlist only trusted MCP serversMalicious MCP is not a free instruction channel
Destructive Burst / Privilege StreakPattern backstopRapid sensitive writes / privilege actions escalate

Retro checklist

  1. Patch / upgrade the IDE first (vendor fix is mandatory).
  2. Until then, tighten path write allows to repo prefixes only.
  3. Default-deny unknown MCP; treat web-browse tools as high risk.
  4. Keep audit retention long enough to reconstruct pre-patch sessions.

Relay evaluates actions the hooks see. A true sandbox escape that never surfaces as a governed tool call is outside the hook boundary—still patch. Use Relay so most injected plans die at bash/path/MCP before they reach that edge.

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